Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors analysis of pneumonia complicated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children in Chongzhou, Sichuan Province / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in children with pneumonia in Chongzhou, Sichuan Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of AAD in children with pneumonia. Methods A total of 394 children with pneumonia admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to June 2021 were selected and divided into control group and AAD group according to whether the children had AAD. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of pediatric pneumonia complicated with AAD. Results There were 79 cases of children with pneumonia complicated with AAD (20.05%). The average age of the ADD group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in age of onset, length of hospital stay, type of antibiotics combined use, duration of antibiotics application, proportion of bacterial use of probiotics, and type of antibiotics (P<0.05). The age of onset <3 years old, duration of antibiotics application ≥5 days, combined use of three kinds of antibiotics, use of cephalosporin antibiotics, and no use of probiotics are independent risk factors for AAD in children with pneumonia. Conclusion The risk of AAD in children with pneumonia in Chongzhou is high, and the main pathogens are Candida and Escherichia coli. For children with cephalosporin antibiotics use, long application time of antibiotics, and onset age <3 years old, early application of probiotics should be done to reduce the risk of pediatric pneumonia complicated with AAD.

Clinical study of aescuven fort in the prevention of heterotopic ossification after operative treatment of radial head fractures with anterior bundle of medial collateral ligament injury / 中国基层医药

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of aescuven fort and indomethacin in the prevention of heterotopic ossification (HO) after operative treatment of radial head fractures with anterior bundle of medial collateral ligament(AMCL) injury.Methods A total of 41 patients with radial head fracture combined with AMCL injury leading to elbow valgus instability were randomly divided into 21 cases of the observation group(aescuven fort) and the 20 cases of control group(indomethacin),and were treated with aescuven fort of 600rng/d and indomethacin of 75rng/d for 6 weeks respectively.The incidence of adverse reactions of gastrointestinal tract in the two groups was statistically analyzed,and symptomatic treatment was given.Six weeks later,the incidence of HO was recorded by X-ray examination of the elbow joint.The range of motion (ROM) was recorded,and the excellent and good rate of the improved HSS score was calculated.The results were statistically analyzed.Results The incidence rates of gastrointestinal side effects in the observation group and control group were 9.5％ and 35.0％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups(x2 =4.651,P =0.027).The incidence rate of HO in the observation groupwas 14.3％,which in the control group was 15.0％,there was no significant difference between the two groups(x2 =0.206,P =0.948).The ROM and excellent and good rate of the improved HSS score in the observation group and control group were [(119.2 ± 19.7) ° and 86.9％]and [(120.8 ± 16.3) ° and 88.7％],respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(t =2.023,P=0.613;x2 =0.176,P =0.675).Conclusion Aescuven fort can effectively prevent the formation of HO after operative treatment of radial head fracture with AMCL injury,similar with indomethacin.But the incidence rate of gastrointestinal side effects of aescuven fort is significantly lower than indomethacin.

Apply Value of LHD and RDW in Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the low hemoglobin density (low haemoglobin density,LHD) and red blood cell volume distribution width (red blood cell volume distribution width,RDW) in iron deficiency anemia (iron-deficiency anemia,IDA)in children with the value of diagnosis and treatment.Methods From February 2016 to May 2017,in the Second People's Hospital of Longgang District in Shenzhen City,86 cases of children with iron deficiency anemia for IDA group,and 120 cases of healthy children (as the control group) at the same time were confirmed.Blood routine of children with IDA were detected before and after treatment hemoglobin concentration and the results were analyzed statistically.Results 120 cases of healthy children in the peripheral blood LHD value was 2.74 ％ ± 0.90 ％ and the boy was 3.07 ％ ± 0.81％,higher than that of 2.26 ％ ± 0.69 ％ of the girls.Between them,there was statistically significant difference (t=3.815,P＜0.05).The value of RDW was 12.37 ％ ± 2.84 ％,12.09 ％ ± 2.80 ％ for the boys and 12.56 ％ ± 2.87 ％ for the girls,there was no statistically significant difference between the them (t=0.517,P＞0.517).Before treatment,86 cases of children with IDA LHD and RDW values in peripheral blood were 30.67 ％ ± 20.12 ％ and 16.62 ％ ± 3.27 ％,significantly higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant between (t=4.025 ～ 4.025,P＜0.05 ～ 0.01),and there was no statistically significant difference between male and female children (t =0.761 ～ 0.917,P＞ 0.05).After treatment L HD and RDW values were 10.65 ％ ± 8.92 ％ and 14.02 ％ ± 2.93 ％,significantlylower than before the treatment,between them was statistically significant difference (t=2.912～9.675,P＜0.05).Conclusion Children with iron deficiency anemia treatment before the LHD and RDW values significantly elevated in the blood,significantly decreased after treatment,the LHD and RDW values for diagnosis and treatment of children with iron deficiency anemia dynamic monitoring has certain application value,worthy of popularization and application.

Research on the protective effect of diazoxide pretreatment on the blood-brain barrier of rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the effect and its mechanism of diazoxide on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,I/R group,and diazoxide pretreatment groups of low,middle,large dose (5,10,20 mg/kg).The I/R models of rats were performed to undergo middle cerebral artery embolism by thread.BBB permeability was estimated by Evans blue (EB) dyeing,transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the modification of interendothelial tight junction (TJ) of capillaries.The expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in every rat brain tissues was detected by immunity histochemistry technique.Results (1) Compared to sham operation group,the permeability extent of EB were significantly increased by I/R,which was distinctly attenuated in middle and large dose of diazoxide pretreatment rats,while no obvious changes were found between I/R and low dose groups.(2) TEM showed that TJ of the brain tissue opened after I/R injury and no significant opening of TJ was observed in middle and large dose of diazoxide preconditioning groups.(3) Compared to sham operation group,the expression of AQP4 in the brain tissue of the I/R group was apparently increased (P ＜0.01).Compared to I/R group,the expression of AQP4 was apparently increased in middle and large dose pretreatment groups (P ＜ 0.01),and there were no obvious difference between low dose group and the I/R group.Conclusions Preconditioning of ischemia/reperfusion injury with diazoxide protects the blood-brain barrier,which may due to keep the TJ closed and decrease expression of AQP4 protein.

The effects of creatine phosphate sodium on heart function and NT-proBNP in older patients combination with ischemic cardiomyopathy and intractable heart failure / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the effects of creatine phosphate sodium on heart function and B -type natriuretic peptide in patients combination with ischemic cardiomyopathy and intractable heart failure .Methods 70 cases of coronary heart disease combined with ischemic cardiomyopathy and intractable heart failure were randomly ( with the random number table ) divided into the control group ( n=33) and the creatine phosphate sodium treatment group (n=37).The control group treated with conventional therapy (digitalis,diuretics,vasodilator,ACEI,et al) ten days;the treatment group with creatine phosphate sodium treatment on the basis of conventional therapy .The symp-tom,sign of the heart failure patients of the two groups before and after treatment were observed .NYHA cardiac func-tional grading were estimated.Echocardiography was used to detect left ventricular end -systolic diameter(LVESD), left ventricular end diastolic diameter ( LVEDD ) and left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ); amino terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) tested by laboratory of the two groups.Drug treatment for 10 days,the chan-ges of the indicators before and after treatment were observed .Results After treatment , compared with the control group[(50.63 ±4.67) mm,(61.30 ±4.58) mm].LVESD,LVEDD of the creatine phosphate sodium treatment [(47.16 ±4.30)mm,(57.92 ±4.30)mm]significantly decreased(t=5.73,4.96,all P<0.01),LVEF[(40.57 ± 4.51)%,(37.63 ±4.53)%]increased significantly(t =5.53,P<0.01).After ten days of treatment levels of NT-proBNP decreased in both two groups [(1 659.±248.18) pg/mL,1 899.3 ±205.45] than before treatment [2 043.46 ±217.04,(2 105.46 ±239.09)pg/mL](t=3.23,3.64,all P<0.05),and the decrease degree of the creatine phosphate sodium treatment group was more obvious than those of the control group (t=4.11,P<0.05). Conclusion Creatine phosphate sodium can improve the cardiac function and left ventricular ejection fraction of ischemic cardiomyopathy and intractable heart failurepatients ,enhance the clinical symptoms of patients .

Research in validity and reliability of the Community Home Mutual Pension Demand Scale / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To develop Community Home Mutual Pension Demand Scale and test its validity and reliability.Methods Firstly,the theoretical dimension of Community Home Mutual Pension Demand Scale was constructed by means of literature analysis and resident interview.Secondly,the scale with five dimensions containing 29 items was formed after small range of questionnaire survey.Finally,the data from 384 elderly people in 4 communities of Hengyang city were analyzed by using SPSS17.0 and AMOS17.0 to test its validity and reliability.Results The model consisted of 4 dimensions and 21 items,which explained 69.911％ of the total variance.x2/df=2.097,Tac ker Lewis index (TLI)=0.959,non normed fit index (NNFI)=0.959,relative fit index (RFI)=0.924,goodness-of-fit index(GFI)=0.921,comparative fit index (CFI)=0.966,normed fit index (NFI)=0.938,incremental fit index (IFI)=0.967,root-mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.054;Cronbach α of the total scale was 0.932,Cronbach α of each dimension was 0.801-0.954.The correlation coefficient between dimensions was 0.241-0.592,P＜0.01.Conclusions The scale has good reliability and validity in the measurement of the mutual pension demand of elderly.

A survey on the sodium content of customers' orderings at three restaurants in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To survey the mean sodium content of menu offering and customers' orderings on sodium when eating out.Methods All weights of ingredients of menu offerings at three Chinese restaurants with Wenzhou,Shandong,and Yunnan cuisines,in Beijing,were collected and their sodium values were estimated based on data from the Chinese Food Composition.All records from customers' orders were collected in a certain period of time from year 2011 to 2013.The mean sodium content of ordering per person and the proportion of all orders exceeding the recommended daily sodium limit that applicable to most native Chinese,were estimated.Results Of all the menu offerings,hot dishes (1 728.6 mg; P25,P75:1 198.7,2 482.8) and soup dishes (2 101.5 mg;P25,P75:1 467.8,2 291.2) had the highest sodium contents,followed by cold dressed dishes (790.7 mg; P25,P75:128.1,1 472.9) staple foods (802.9 mg; P25,P75:115.1,1 563.2) while the beverages having the lowest sodium contents (17.0 mg;P25,P75:2.0,19.5) (P＜0.05).Meat dishes (1 796.3 mg;P25,P75:1 303.9,2 670.3) contained more sodium than vegetable dishes (1 105.5 mg; P25,P75:423.6,1 628.6)(P＜0.001).The median sodium contents in per person orderings were 2 325.6 mg (P25,P75:1 700.7,3 213.8) for lunch and 2 542.5 mg (P25,P75:1 857.5,3 498.1) for dinner.Current dietary guideline recommended for Chinese adults was:in general,the amount of consumption should not exceed 2 400 mg of sodium per day.Based on the recornmended optimal daily calories intake ratio as 3 ∶ 4 ∶ 3for breakfast,lunch,and dinner,we would suggest that the sodium intake should follow the amount as 960 mg for lunch and 720 mg for dinner.Our data indicated that 97.5％ of the ordered meals appeared that they were over the recommended sodium limit and 76,5％ of the tables showed two times more than the limit of recommendation.Conclusion Soup and hot dishes provided at these three restaurants contained more sodium contents.People ordered dishes at restaurants would contain more sodium than the recommended Chinese daily sodium intake.

Chinese guidelines for data processing and analysis concerning the International Physical Activity Questionnaire / 中华流行病学杂志

To introduce standard methods of scoring the data derived from both short and long form instruments of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).The introduction part consists of a set of domains which include the structure of questionnaire,principles of data cleaning,calculation methods and grouping rules.Through practical experience,a specific calculation process of IPAQ-long based on the standard methods was showed.

The study of hydrogen sulfide up-regulates the expression of ABCA1 and promotes the cholesterol efflux in foam cells / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the cholesterol efflux and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in foam cells .Methods RAW 264 .7 macrophages were incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein to induce foam cells .Foam cells were incubated with H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide .Cholesterol efflux from macropha-ges was tested by labed cholesterol .The cellular levels of free cholesterol (FC) ,cholesterol ester (CE) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography assays .The mRNA and protein expressions of ABCA1 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot .Results Compared with the foam cells ,the rates of cholesterol efflux were significantly in-creased ,the levels of TC ,FC ,CE and CE/TC ratio were significantly decreased(P<0 .05) and expression of ABCA1 was signifi-cantly increased by treatment with H2S in dose-and time-dependent manner(P<0 .05) .Conclusion H2S up-regulates of expres-sion ABCA1 and promotes cholesterol efflux in RAW 264 .7 macrophage-derived foam cells .

The gene silencing of YB-1 by inhibiting the proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of gene silencing of Y-box binding protein-1(YB-1) by RNA interference on the proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells lines PC-3 cells .Methods YB-1 siRNAs(pGenesil-1-YB-1-1 and pGenesil-1-YB-1-2) were synthesized and transfected into cloned into the the PC-3 cells by liposome .The expressions of YB-1 were measure by RT-PCR and Western blotting .The proliferation and migration were respectively detected by MTT and Transwell method . Results ThemRNA and protein expressions of YB-1 were significantly decreased by pGenesil-1-YB-1-1 and pGenesil-1-YB-1-2 (P<0 .05) ,compared with the control group ,the inhibition ratio of mRNA expression was 36 .23% and 39 .42% respectively and the inhibition ratio of protein expression was 41 .56% and 55 .33% respectively .The proliferation and migration were significantly decreased by pGenesil-1-YB-1-1 and pGenesil-1-YB-1-2(P<0 .05) .Conclusion YB-1 gene silencing by RNA interference inhibits the proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells lines PC-3 cells .

Identification of Hereditary Symmetrical Dyschromatosis Susceptibility Locus by Genome-wide Scan / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To identify a locus for hereditary symmetrical dyschromatosis(HSD).Methods A genome-wide scan was performed with402microsatellite markers in two large Chinese HSD families to map the chromosome location of the susceptible gene.The LINKAGE software(Version5.10)and CYRILLIC soft-ware(Version2.01)were used for linkage and haplotype analysis.Results A locus was identified at chro-mosome1q11-1q21with a cumulative maximum two-point LOD score of8.85at microsatellite marker D1S2343(?=0.00).Haplotype analysis indicated that the candidate gene was located within11.6cM region between markers D1S2696and D1S2635.This was the first locus identified for HSD.This study provided a map location for isolation of the candidate genes causing HSD.Conclusion Chromosome1q11-1q21contains the candidate gene susceptible for dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria.

A Mutation in the Connexin30Gene in a Pedigree with Hidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To analyses the mutation of connexin30gene in a pedigree with hidrotic ec-todermal dysplasia(HED).Methods Blood samples were obtained from18affected and16normal individ-uals in this family.Mutation scanning was carried out by PCR and direct sequencing.Results A transition,at position on connexin30gene31(G→A),leading to a missense mutation(G11R),was detected in18patients,but was not found in16normal individuals in this HED family and in188unrelated,population-matched control individuals,which indicated that it did not represent common polymorphism.Conclusion A missense mutation(31G→A)in the connexin30gene has been determined in the pedigree with HED,which is probably one of the molecular bases of the pathogenesis of the disease.

Mutations in ED1 Gene of Two Pedigrees with X-linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To detect ED1 gene mutations in the families with X-linked hypohidrotic ec-todermal dysplasia (XLHED). Methods Blood samples were obtained from 2 pedigrees. All 8 exons and flanking intronic boundaries of ED1 gene were amplified with polymerase chain reaction technique and then directly sequenced. Results Two mutations were found in ED1 gene. One was splicing mutation (IVS8+5 del G), the other was missense mutation (A959G). None of the mutations was found in normal individuals of two XLHED families and in 188 unrelated, population-matched control individuals. Conclusion Out of the ED1 gene mutations identified in 2 Chinese XLHED families, IVS8+5del G is a novel mutation.

Identification of a Psoriasis Susceptibility Locus on Chromosome4q in a Chinese Han Population / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To identify a psoriasis susceptibility locus on chromosome4q in a Chinese Han population.Methods The genome search was performed using12microsatellite spanning chromosome4q in64Chinese Han families(372family members)comprising197affected and175unaffected individuals.GENEHUNTER was used for the parametric and non-parametric linkage analyses.Results(1)Non-paramet-ric linkage analyses:single-point analyses revealed that two adjacent loci on chromosome4q D4S413and D4S1597had evidence of linkage,with NPL-scores of2.04and2.23,and P values of0.021and0.014re-spectively.Multi-point analyses showed a peak NPL-score of3.44and the corresponding P value of0.00056at157.9cM where D4S413located.Moreover,NPL score of more than3was found with a range from155.1cM to172.3cM.(2)Parametric linkage analyses revealed a LOD score of3.70,a heterogeneity LOD score of4.35and a high proportion of linked families(?)of85%under the assumption of a dominant model with dis-ease-allele frequency of0.0062and penetrance of10%at D4S1597.Conclusion Chromosome4q contains genes involved in the susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris in a Chinese Han population.

Identification of the Disease Gene of Multiple Familial Trichoepithelioma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To map the locus of the gene CYLD1 for multiple familial trichoepithelioma (MFT), and identify the mutation of this gene in a large Chinese Han family with MFT. Methods The local genome scan was performed using 18 microsatellite markers spanning 9p21 and 16q12-q13 in this MFT family. Linkage software was used for two-point linkage analysis. All 17 coding exons of the CYLD1 gene and the adjacent splice sites were amplified using PCR. Mutation scanning was carried out by DNA sequencing. Results ① Two-point linkage analysis revealed a LOD score of 3.31 under the assumption of an autosomal dominant inheritance with disease-allele frequency of 0.00001 and penetrance of 99.9%. ② A four-basepair deletion of exon 18 in the CYLD1 gene was detected, designated c.2355-2358delCAGA. Conclusions Multiple familial trichoepithelioma is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. The gene CYLD1 for this MFT family localizes to 16q12-q13, not 9p21.

Association of HLA-DQA1,-DQB1 Genes with Vitiligo in Chinese Hans in Anhui Province / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To identify the association of HLA-DQA1 and-DQ B1 alleles with vitiligo in Chinese Hans in Anhui province.Methods Polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method was used to analyze the distribution of HLA-DQA1 and-DQB1 alleles among 187 patients with vitiligo and 273 healthy controls.Results The frequencies of HLA-DQA1*0302,-DQB1*0303,-DQB1*0503 alleles were significantly increased in the patients with vitiligo compared with those in the controls,and HLA-DQA1*0501 allele frequency was mark edly decreased.HLA-DQA1*0302,-DQA1*0601,-DQB1*0303,-DQB1*0503 alleles were p ositively associated,whereas HLA-DQA1*0501 allele was negatively associated wit h childhood vitiligo,and HLA-DQB1*0303 allele was positively associated with ad ult vitiligo,in comparison with those in the controls.The frequency of HLA-DQB 1*0303 allele was significantly increased in localized vitiligo patients compare d with that in the controls,whereas frequencies of HLA-DQA1*0302,-DQB1*0303,-DQB1*0503 alleles were significantly increased and the frequency of HLA-DQA1*050 1 allele was markedly decreased in generalized vitiligo patients.Conclusions HLA-DQA1*0302,-DQA1*0601,-DQB1*0303 and-DQB1*0503 alleles could be the suscep tible alleles of vitiligo,while HLA-DQA1*0501 allele could be the protective al lele in Chinese Hans in Anhui province.There may be different genetic backgroun ds between childhood and adult patients,and between localized and generalized vitiligo.